Sep 8, 2015

What the U.S. Really Owes Black America

Slavery made America wealthy, and racist policies since have blocked African American wealth-building. Can we calculate the economic damage?
By Tracy Loeffelholz Dunn anJeff Neumann / yesmagazine.org
1 min read

Download a PDF of this infographic:

11x17 poster format

8.5x11 vertical format

Sources:

Introduction

http://theconversation.com/slavery-in-america-back-in-the-headlines-33004

http://www.civil-war.net/census.asp?census=Total

1.

1.5 million pounds in 1790 and 2.25 billion pounds in 1859, based on Empire of Cotton, by Sven Beckert (2014) pgs. 104, 106

77% based on: Cotton and Race in the Making of America: The Human Costs of Economic Power, by Gene Dattel (2009)

http://mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us/articles/161/cotton-in-a-global-economy-mississippi-1800-1860

Joshua Rothman, email correspondence, 2015

http://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economics-of-the-civil-war/

http://abrahamlincolnsclassroom.org/abraham-lincoln-in-depth/abraham-lincoln-and-civil-war-finance

48.3% in 1860 according to Gavin Wright, Slavery and American Economic Development (LSU Press, 2006, paperback 2013) [personal communication]

2.

http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1073&context=jlasc

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/dc_emancipation_act/

http://philosophy.fullerton.edu/people/2007%20-%20Heiner%20-%20Abolition%20Democracy%20-%20Rad%20Phil%20Today%205.pdf

http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/slavery_in.PDF

http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21583992-fifty-years-after-martin-luther-kings-speech-fixing-americas-racial-ills-requires-new/comments?page=8

The Politics of Despair: Power and Resistance in the Tobacco Wars. Tracy Campbell, 2015

7% based on: Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, Vol. 4. 1979.

3.

http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v70n4/v70n4p49.html

70-80%, according to:http://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/05/the-case-for-reparations/361631/#ii-a-difference-of-kind-not-degree

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2010-08-05/html/CREC-2010-08-05-pt1-PgS6836.htm

http://www.farmaid.org/atf/cf/%7B6ef41923-f003-4e0f-a4a6-ae0031db12fb%7D/FARM_AID_2014_ISSUE_BRIEF-BLACK_FARMING_AND_LAND_LOSS.PDF

http://www.racialequitytools.org/resourcefiles/lui.pdf

http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1073&context=jlasc

4.

https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2014/demo/p60-249.pdf

Dime based on:http://www.insightcced.org/uploads/CRWG/LayingTheFoundationForNationalProsperity-MeizhuLui0309.pdf

http://newsreel.org/guides/race/whiteadv.htm

$59 trillion: http://activistteacher.blogspot.com/2013/01/calculated-minimum-reparation-due-to.html

$15 trillion: National Legal and Policy Center,http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/obama-reparations-black-farmers/2010/02/21/id/350458/

$25 trillion:  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/1999-11/23/047r-112399-idx.html

Martin Luther King:http://www.theroot.com/articles/history/2014/07/mlk_s_case_for_reparations_included_disadvantaged_whites.html

Social Issues
Human Potential and the Path Back to Indigeneity
Trending Videos Explore All
Trending Articles Explore All
Recent Documentaries
Video Deep Dives
What People Are Watching Now
10 Films That Will Blow Your Mind
Recently Added
Our mission is to support the people and movements creating a more free, regenerative and democratic society. 



Subscribe for $5/mo to support us and watch over 50 patron-exclusive documentaries.

Share this: